链烷烃催化重整分子筛基催化剂研究进展

Advances in Molecular Sieve-based Catalysts for Catalytic Reforming of Chain Alkanes

中文关键词:  分子筛  链烷烃  芳构化  异构化  加氢裂化

英文关键词:molecular sieve  alkanes  aromatization  isomerization  hydrocracking

中文摘要:

      烷烃是石脑油的重要组成部分, 但其应用价值和经济效益相对较低, 尤其对于中长链烷烃需进一步加工提升其使用价值. 烷烃组分结构复杂, 多以饱和烃形式存在, 研究者通常采用催化重整技术对其进行提质增效. 在催化剂作用下, 将中长链烷烃转化为短链烃、异构烃和芳烃, 是提升烷烃品质及经济价值的有效手段. 催化重整技术主要包括芳构化、异构化和加氢裂化, 催化剂主要包括Pt/Cl^-/Al₂O₃单/双功能催化剂、金属氧化物催化剂及分子筛改性催化剂等. 分子筛基催化剂因其孔道结构及活性金属多样性而备受关注. 近年来, 研究者们通过在原子级别对活性金属种类调控、电子性质调变以及孔道结构优化等方式提高分子筛催化剂性能, 但分子筛骨架结构调变对催化活性中心的影响仍未得到充分研究, 是今后工作研究的重点. 此外, 探究烷烃重整反应机理始终是催化重整领域研究的核心前沿课题. 本综述概述了链烷烃在催化重整过程中的主要反应机理, 分析了近期的研究进展, 并对分子筛基催化剂性能优化进行了讨论.

英文摘要:

      Alkanes are an important component of naphtha, but their application value and economic benefits are relatively low, especially for medium to long-chain alkanes that require further processing to enhance their practical value. Owing to the complicated structure of alkanes, to fully utilize the resources of alkanes and enhance their value, researchers have improved the quality of alkanes through catalytic reforming technology. Under the catalysis, medium to long-chain alkanes with a higher carbon number are transformed into short-chain hydrocarbons, isomers, and aromatics, which present an effective way to enhance the quality and economic value of alkanes. The ctalytic reforming technology primarily contains such as aromatization, isomerization, and catalytic cracking, and the catalyst is the core of the reforming process, including Pt/Cl^-/Al₂O₃ single/bifunctional catalysts, metal oxide catalysts, and modified molecular sieve catalysts. Molecular sieve-based catalysts have garnered significant attention due to their unique pore structures and the versatility of active metals. In recent years, researchers mainly have improved the performance of catalysts by regulating the types of active metals, adjusting electronic properties, and optimizing pore structures. However, the impact of microenvironment changes in the molecular sieve skeleton on the catalytic active center has not been fully studied and remains a key point of future research work. In addition, exploring the mechanism of alkanes reforming catalytic reactions has always been a core frontier topic in catalytic research and a direction for future research. This review provides an overview of the main reaction mechanisms of chain alkanes in catalytic reforming, outlines the recent research advances, and discusses the performance optimization of molecular sieve-based catalysts.